Which effect is associated with non-thermal ultrasound regarding capillary permeability?

Which effect is associated with non-thermal ultrasound regarding capillary permeability?

• A. Increases cell and vascular wall permeability to calcium and sodium ions, resulting in less leakage from capillaries into the interstitial spaces (decreases edema)
• B. Increases edema by promoting capillary leakage
• C. Decreases fibroblast activity
• D. Causes tissue necrosis

Answer: (A)

Non-thermal ultrasound works by producing mechanical effects that alter cell membranes and microcirculation without raising tissue temperature. This mode increases the permeability of cell membranes and vascular walls to ions like calcium and sodium. That ion flux supports cellular signaling, activates repair processes, and enhances fluid management in the tissue. As a result, healing processes advance and edema tends to decrease because better ion transport and microcirculation promote fluid reabsorption and reduce abnormal leakage into the interstitial space. It also tends to stimulate fibroblast activity and collagen production, aiding tissue repair, and does not cause tissue necrosis when used at non-thermal intensities. So the statement describing increased permeability to calcium and sodium with subsequent edema reduction best captures the effect of non-thermal ultrasound.

Non-thermal ultrasound works by producing mechanical effects that alter cell membranes and microcirculation without raising tissue temperature. This mode increases the permeability of cell membranes and vascular walls to ions like calcium and sodium. That ion flux supports cellular signaling, activates repair processes, and enhances fluid management in the tissue. As a result, healing processes advance and edema tends to decrease because better ion transport and microcirculation promote fluid reabsorption and reduce abnormal leakage into the interstitial space. It also tends to stimulate fibroblast activity and collagen production, aiding tissue repair, and does not cause tissue necrosis when used at non-thermal intensities. So the statement describing increased permeability to calcium and sodium with subsequent edema reduction best captures the effect of non-thermal ultrasound.